Friday, December 27, 2019

Anti-Aircraft - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 548 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Security Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: War Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Anti-aircraft is used particularly in defense against aircraft or intended in attacking aircraft. According to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), anti-aircraft is planned to nullify or decrease the usefulness of unfriendly air action. Anti-air composed of the ground as well as air-based gun systems, beam systems, and barrage balloons. Cont Anti aircraft has the great rate of fire as well as able to fire bullets that are designed to harm aircraft. In addition, it has the ability to fire at a very high angel, however, it usually hit the surface target in a direct fire. The paper will examine anti-aircraft. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-Aircraft" essay for you Create order History of anti-aircraft The development of anti-aircraft started in 1910 when aircraft first became active firearm. In First World Warfare, field cannons parts of around 90 millimeters were changed to anti-aircraft use through mounting (Pietrasie?„ski 50). This enabled people to fire aircraftsvertically. Cont Focusing methods were not enough, but in the inter-war periods, development was made in a progress of radar locators, spotlights and gun resting methods. Cont This was meant to assist cannons parts to fast targets presented through the air crafts. Picture of 90 millimeters field artillery Cont During the second world wars, fast firing as well automatic anti-aircraft weapon were presented. Whereby radar was designed to target trailing and small radio waves that exploded the missiles or airplanes. Cont This is because, it come close to the target against low-level round air craft. Conti In 1953, America introduced sky sweeper. It was a 75mm instinctive cannon firing 45 bullets in a minute, aimed as well as fired by its own locator computer system. Cont It was phased out in the 1960s. Radar automatic then continued to give defense against low aircrafts. Tactics of an anti-aircraft Mobility is one of the good examples of tactics used in current air defense systems. Most of the anti-aircraft are fairly mobile. Cont Also, the greater systems are attached on trailers in order to be fairly rapidly broken down or else set up Conti Another tactic is effectiveness. Anti-aircraft are designed are very effecting at killing or destroying aircraft enemies. Types of Antiaircraft Guns They are categorized into two, light and heavy guns. Heavy anti-aircraft Heavy anti-aircraft weapons are fired large shells to areas of high altitudes.it is aimed at destroying aircraft with rain shrapnel. Image of heavy anti-aircraft Light antiaircraft weapon Light antiaircraft weapons are intended to hit aircraft at very short ranges. Images of light anti air craft Cont ZU-23-2 is another type of antiaircraft weapon. It is a multi- faceted anti- plane platform which can mounted on wheeled as well as tracked vehicles if compulsory (Routledge 20). Image of ZU-23-2 Conclusion Anti-aircraft is concerned with protection against air attack by aircrafts. Although anti-aircraft are effective in reducing attacks of air crafts, it has limitations. One of the limitations against attacking aircraft is the limitation. Some of the aircraft guns are unable to reach higher altitudes. Cont Even the heaviest antiaircraft gun cannot reach the operating altitudes of the current attack aircraft using GOS. Therefore, anti aircraft are important especially in destroying aircraft. References Routledge, N. W. (1994). Anti-aircraft artillery, 1914-55 (Vol. 4). Brasseys (UK). Pietrasie„ski, J., Rodzik, D., Grzywi„ski, S., Miernik, J. (2017). Proving Ground Testing of an Anti-Aircraft Artillery Evaluation System. Problemy Mechatroniki: uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, in ?nieria bezpiecze„stwa, 8.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Comparing The Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up...

Comparative analyses exploring the film V for Vendetta and the song Get Up Stand Up by Bob Marley and how they relate to the social context of Marxism. One of the themes that influenced many artists in the past is standing up for your rights. ‘V for Vendetta’ (2005) and ‘Bob Marley’s Get Up, Stand Up’ (1973) has been chosen because the author supports these works fit into the social context of Marxism. From the outset, Marxism will be examined in terms of the historical aspect and materialistic ideology. Moreover, the study will look at how these elements were manipulated by the powers that be. There follows a short synopsis of the film ‘V for Vendetta’ and an analysis of specific scenes that relate to the Marxist theory. Subsequently, the discussion will focus on Marley’s influence on Jamaican politics and consequently an analysis on how Marley’s Get Up Stand Up (1973) lyrics relate to Marxism. Lastly, by implementing appropriate approaches there will be a critical comparison on how these works relate to Marxism (explanation). History of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818 (bbc.co.uk, 2015). Marx joined the University of Bonn in 1835 (doube check, duel stuff) to study in the Faculty of Law (Kreis, 2000). In 1836 (find out what happened), Marx moved to Berlin to enrol at Berlin University as a law student and soon after he became a member of the Young Hegelians (Engels, 2015). Which was/is an idealist movement (find out what it was) in

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Outcomes for Children of Incarcerated Parents free essay sample

Most states lack uniform methods of recording the demographic information regarding an inmate’s children. Moreover, many inmates may choose not to identify their children for the fear of the possibility of adverse involvement from various child welfare agencies. A Black child in the United States is nine times more likely than a White child to have a parent in prison. A Hispanic child is three times more likely than a White child to have a parent in prison. More significantly, according to the forecasts for America’s prison population published by the Pew Charitable Trusts, prison populations are expected to continue to increase through 2011. On average, a 13% increase in the growth of prison populations is forecast. The number of female prisoners is expected to grow by 16% for the same period; this rate of growth among female prisoners will outpace the 12% increase anticipated for male inmate populations. Arguably, the number of children with incarcerated parents will increase in proportion to this projected increase in prison inmates. It is widely accepted among criminal justice and social welfare researchers that children of incarcerated parents suffer a myriad of difficulties associated with the incarceration of their parents. The effects on an individual child may vary according to the special developmental and psychological needs of each child. The table below illustrates the developmental stages of childhood, the abilities of a child at each stage, and the possible effects of separation at any given stage. TABLE A: Developmental effects of incarceration on children at varying stages of development. Developmental StateDevelopmental CharacteristicsDevelopmental TasksEffect of Separation Infancy (0 – 2 Years)Limited perception, total dependencyDevelopment of trust and attachmentImpaired parent/child bonding Early Childhood (2 – 6 years)Increased perception, mobility, and improved memory; Greater exposure to environment, able to imagineDevelopment of sense of autonomy; independence, and initiativeInappropriate separation anxiety; Impaired socio-emotional development; Acute traumatic stress and survivor guilt. Middle Childhood ( 7 – 10 years)Increased independence from caregivers, and ability to reason; Peers become importantSense of industry; Ability to work independentlyDevelopmental regressions; Poor self-concept; Acute traumatic stress reactions; Impaired ability to overcome future trauma Late adolescenceEmotional crisis and confusion; Adult sexual development and sexuality; Formal abstract thinking emerges; increased independenceDevelopment of cohesive identity (self); Resolution of conflicts with family and society; Ability to engage in adult work and relationshipsPremature termination of dependency relationship with parent; Intergenerational crime and incarceration Some research has indicated that, while the first two years after a child’s birth are critical for the formation of parent-child attachments, the long-term impact of separation can be reduced if the parent and child are reunited after a short time of separation. Most of the published research is not nearly a s optimistic about the prospects for children of incarcerated parents. The available literature suggests that the short-term effects of parental separation can include feelings of â€Å"shame, social stigma, loss of financial support, weakened ties to the parent, changes in family compositions, poor school performance, increased delinquency, and increased risk of abuse and neglect. The long-term consequences can be nothing short of devastating. They include It is also very important to consider that numerous other factors affect the adjustment of children to the incarceration of a parent. These effects include the nature of a family’s living arrangements prior to incarceration. It stands to reason that many children of incarcerated parents were living with non-parental caregivers prior to the incarceration of a parent. It is proposed that an average of half of inmate parents actually lived with their children before admission to prison. Other effects include the developmental level of the child and the quality of the relationship between incarcerated parent and child, the gender of the incarcerated parent, the nature of the kinship network of the incarcerated parent, and the nature and availability of formal institutional supports for the family of the incarcerated parent should all be considered. INSERT KINSHIP INFORMATION HERE. Historical Context – How Did We Get Here, and Who are â€Å"We? † Between 1970 and 2005, the United States has experienced a 700% increase in the prison population. Since 1997, the incarceration rate has been steadily increasing, while the crime rate has been in relative decline. The War on Drugs started in the 1988 with the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act (PL 100-690), various states’ â€Å"Three-Strikes Laws,† (often referred to as habitual offender laws), Mandatory Minimum Sentencing at both the Federal and State Levels, the Truth in Sentencing Movement, the Victim’s Rights Movement, and a general shift in public opinion favoring incarceration have all converged to create the current situation of record incarceration rates. In recent years, courts have seen the development of new class of female criminal emerge – the minimally-involved drug offender. These women are disparately punished by the current criminal justice system, and seldom know enough about the scope of the drug operation to offer any useful assistance to the prosecutor in trade for more lenient treatment. This offender is personified by Kemba Smith, who, at the time of her arrest was a pregnant, 24 year old Black college student, the only child of professional parents who had been severely battered by her drug-dealing boyfriend, Peter Hall. After Hall was murdered in Seattle, Smith was charged with a federal conspiracy charges. Despite the fact that Smith had no criminal record, and though she had never used drugs, dealt drugs, or handled drugs, she was sentenced to 24 ? ears in Federal Prison for â€Å"her part† in the trafficking of 255 kilograms of crack cocaine. Her child was born while she was incarcerated, and within minutes of his birth, she was shacked to the hospital bed. Two days later, her child was taken away from her. She remained incarcerated u ntil President William Clinton granted her clemency on December 22, 2000. Federal prosecutors can gain some distinct advantages by charging a defendant as part of a conspiracy. The burden of proof for a conspiracy charge requires only a showing of the essential nature of the plan, and the alleged conspirator’s connection to it. Circumstantial evidence alone is often enough to secure a conspiracy conviction. As a result, poor and frequently minority women are disproportionately charged in such conspiracies. Legal scholars point out that â€Å"in contrast to women of circumstance, the wife of a white-collar criminal is usually shielded from her husband’s criminal activity. The wife or â€Å"live-in companion† of a drug dealer who sells his wares on the street or from the home is not equally sheltered. Both of these women arguably know about or at least suspect the criminal activities of their mates, and both of these women arguably benefit from the proceeds of these illegal endeavors. The wife of the white-collar will almost certainly not be considered for charging as part of a criminal conspiracy. Poor Black and Hispanic defendants, male and female alike, find themselves at the nexus of these causal phenomena, and the apparent injustices in the administration of justice. Their children and families are caught in the crosshair. Dedicated researchers, criminal justice and social services policy-makers and professionals, attorneys and judges, together with legions of lay volunteers will all be needed to help improve the outcomes for these vulnerable children. On January 28, 2003 in President George W. Bush’s State of the Union Address, the President states, in pertinent part: â€Å"Last year, I called on my fellow citizens to participate in the USA Freedom Corps, which is enlisting tens of thousands of new volunteers across America. Tonight I ask Congress and the American people to focus the spirit of service and the resources of government on the needs of some of our most vulnerable citizens – boys and girls trying to grow up without guidance and attention, and children who have to go through a prison gate to be hugged by their mom or dad. I propose a $450-million initiative to bring mentors to more than a million disadvantaged junior high students and children of prisoners. Government will support the training and recruiting of mentors; yet it is the men and women of America who will fill the need. One mentor, on person can change a life forever. And I urge you to be that one person. The President’s call sounds heroic, indeed. Notwithstanding his impassioned, and arguably symbolic, pleas to the American public, the initiative was funded for $49. 7M in Fiscal Year 2004, $49. 3M for Fiscal Year 2005, and $48. 8M for Fiscal Year 2006. $40M has been requested by the Bush administration for Fiscal Yea r 2007. Based upon estimates of approximately 2. 8M children of incarcerated parents, these appropriations amount to approximately $67. 00 per child, over four years of allocations. The Mentoring Children of Prisoners Program (MCP) is administered through the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Family and Youth Services Bureau (FSYB). The purpose of the MCP is to provide grants, on a competitive basis, to applicants serving populations with a significant number of children aged 4 15 with incarcerated parent(s). The grantees are expected to provide a structured, managed program in which children are matched appropriately to properly screened and trained adult volunteers. These volunteers are expected to form individual relationships with the children to meet the child’s needs for involvement with a caring adult who can be a positive role model for the child. Grantees are expected to find mentors who are willing to commit at least one hour per week with their assigned child. They are required to pass background screenings that include domestic violence and child abuse history checks, and then require these mentors to attend training. The grantees are expected to measure the outcomes by recording data concerning the child’s academic achievement, and avoidance of risky behaviors. Grantees are expected to provide a match of at least 25% of the grants awarded to them for the first two appropriation years, and a 50% match for the third year. The source of the matching funds must not be federal funds. Fifty programs, some faith based, some government-operated, and most secular non-profits were awarded grants in the 2003 Fiscal Year. Collectively, these programs represent 30 of the 50 states. Grantees represent a mix of urban and rural organizations from diverse regions of the United States. Grantees collectively state goals of mentoring 12,141 children in FY 2003. Initially, it was speculated that the opposition of incarcerated parents would be a barrier to successful implementation of MCP. For the most part, parents have expressed positive attitudes toward the mentors, and some have expressed a wish to keep the mentors involved in the lives of their children. Interestingly, one of the most vigorous critics of the program is a child of incarcerated parents. Chesa Boudin, a then-23 year old woman from New York, characterizes Bush’s mentoring programs as â€Å"misguided,† and contends that mentors could actually serve to undermine the relationship between incarcerated parent and child, only to disappear after the end of the program.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Arab / Israeli Conflicts From 1960 - 1970 Essays -

Arab / Israeli Conflicts From 1960 - 1970 Israel's incredible victories, in just 6 days, Israeli armies conquered the West Bank, including the Old City of Jerusalem, the Gaza strip and the Syrian Golan Heights, defeating simultaneously the armies of Egypt, Jordan and Syria. But more than that, Israel created a new reality in the Middle East - and sowed the seeds for deep dissent within its own society. Today over 400,000 Israelis live on land conquered in the 1967 war. Their fate and the fate of those lands is the stumbling block on which over 20 years of attempts to forge a comprehensive peace between Israel and her Arab neighbours has floundered. For some Israelis, Zionism was fulfilled with the creation of the Israeli state in 1948, while for others it was properly extended with the gains of 1967 which all comprise part of the Biblical Greater Israel they seek to restore. Tension had been building throughout the first half of 1967, with Israel warning the Arabs states to end their support for Arab guerrillas raiding Israel from neighbouring countries. The Arabs saw war as inevitable and, despite the clear possibility of a surprise Israeli pre-emptive strike, they were confident of victory this time. The strike came on 5 June when Israel attacked Egyptian airfields and destroyed most of Egypt's air force on the ground within a couple of hours. This allowed Israeli forces speedily to capture Sinai. They then bussed their troops back to Jerusalem and into the attack against Jordan, occupying the West Bank and the Old City before Jordan accepted a UN demand for a ceasefire on the evening of 7 June. Egypt accepted the following day, allowing the Israelis to switch their attention to Syria. The Six Day War had a profound affect on the Arab world and in its aftermath many of the leaders held responsible for the defeat were toppled. It also led to a restructuring of the Arab guerrilla movement and the emergence of a genuinely Palestinian resistance. On June 5, 1967 the Israeli Army Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin launched a preemptive strike on Arab forces, annihilating Nasser's airforce. Within six days, Israel had conquered huge swaths of territory, seizing the vast Sinai peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and Old City of Jerusalem from Jordan and the strategically important Golan Heights from Syria. So-called land for peace negotiations stem from Israel's conquests during this Six-Day War. After Nasser's death in 1970, Anwar Sadat began rebuilding Arab unity and military power with substantial Soviet support. Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Oct. 6, 1973, catching Israelis off guard as they observed their most revered holiday, Yom Kippur. Despite initial Arab success, the Israelis soon regrouped and pushed the assailants back. Egypt and Syria ultimately only achieved minimal territorial gains. No matter that only the night before, President Gamal Abdel Nasser had welcomed Iraq to the Egypto-Jordanian alliance against Israel, and proclaimed: We are so eager for battle in order to force the enemy to awake from his dreams and meet Arab reality face to face. In Tel Aviv, Israel's largest city, the reaction was much the same - and with better reason. Only days before, new Defense Minister Moshe Dayan, the dashing, one-eyed Hero of Sinai, had said the time was not ripe to strike at the Arab forces ominously gathering around the Jewish homeland. In stunning pre-dawn air strikes across the face of the Arab world, Israeli jets all but eliminated Arab airpower - and with it any chance of an Arab victory. In a few astonishing hours of incredibly accurate bombing and strafing, Israel erased an expensive decade of Russian military aid to the Arab world. Ice-Cream Trucks. Tel Aviv's residents got the news only 30 minutes after the first air-raid siren, as Radio Kol Israel interrupted its regular broadcast to announce that heavy fighting had begun against Egyptian armored and aerial forces which moved against Israel. Lively Jewish folk tunes, rousing Israeli pioneer songs and stirring military marches, including the theme song from The Bridge on the River Kwai, filled the air waves until Defense Minister Dayan came on. Only three-fourths of Israel's reserves were mobilized when war began. The buses used to deliver the reservists

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

“You always hurt the ones you love” Essay Example Essay Example

â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Example Paper â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Introduction In this essay I will be writing about a play written by William Shakespeare in 1595 called ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Shakespeare was a sought-after writer and was born at Stratford-Upon-Avon in April 1564. Shakespeare was a prosperous man and was very well educated. He lived in London as a dramatist, actor and poet. He had written many plays and poems before Romeo and Juliet including: ‘Henry VI’ and ‘The Two Gentlemen of Verona’. Romeo and Juliet wasn’t an original idea because Shakespeare had used a poem by Arthur Brooke called ‘The Tragic History of Romeus and Juliet’ as his inspiration. I think the play has remained so popular due to all the further adaptations of the play like the novel ‘Across The Barricades’ by Joan Linguard, also there have been films made based on the play by directors such as Franco Zeffirelis version in 1968 and Barry Luhram’s in 1997. There are many different themes in this play, whi ch I believe are the basis of its appeal. The themes consist of romance, action, fate, fighting, drama and countless more. There are also scenes upon scenes of soliloquies, which enable the play to have dramatic irony as the different characters think out loud. â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Body Paragraphs I am aiming to show that there are many characters in this play that end up hurting their loved ones. I judge the persons who get hurt the most in the play to be Juliet and Lady Capulet. I feel Juliet is a victim because she loses her cousin Tybalt; her mother doesn’t care for her; the Nurse, her closest friend betrays her; she loses her one true love, Romeo – resulting in her taking her own life. I feel for Lady Capulet towards the end because I think it’s only until Juliet dies, does she realise exactly how much she loves her daughter. Lady Capulet didn’t seem to interact much with Juliet when she was alive, she left it to the Nurse and she must have felt remorseful, and her love for her must have taken effect on her when Juliet passed. I consider that the Elizabethan audience watching this play could too feel sympathy for Lady Capulet because the wealthy of that time often got nannies etc to look-after their child, hence a close relationship would be un heard of, part of life but a missing bond modern parents relish. Romeo and Juliet however, rushed into their relationship; they let their hearts run away with each other’s causing hurt on the two feuding families, Juliet being a Capulet and Romeo a Montague. Alternatively, on their first encounter of each other’s company they use delicate, poetic language to show their love is pure: â€Å"For Saints have hands, that Pilgrims’ do touch, and palms to palm is holy palmer’s kiss.† (Act one, Scene 5) Juliet later doubts their love as being â€Å"too rash, too unadvis’d.† (Act two, Scene 2) The arrival of Romeo at the Capulet’s masquerade ball incensed Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin: â€Å"This is Montague our foe: A villain that hither come in spite, To scorn at our solemnity this night† With Tybalt being such a fiery character, he tries to fight Romeo but Romeo is married to Juliet so therefore he couldn’t fight him. Mercutio, Romeo’s best friend fails to comprehend this, ensuing him in the desire to step in for Romeo. Consequently, he dies. Mercutio feels hurt by Romeo as he sees him as disregarding the love of friendship they share. Before he dies, Mercutio declares to Romeo: â€Å"A plague on both your houses!† Romeo then kills Tybalt in revenge for his act of vice resulting in much pain for Juliet and her family. I deem that Tybalt’s love of family honour is to blame for this run of deaths. The audience watching of that time would probably perceive Tybalt’s feelings as somewhat respectable as they were very house-proud citizens. A dramatic device used by Shakespeare to accentuate the passion of this scene is his reference to the temperature. Benvolio comments that â€Å"for now these hot days, is the mad blood stirring† meaning, if they meet the Capulet’s then fighting will follow, foretelling the events of this scene for the benefit of the audience. This device prepares the audience and makes them anxious as to how a brawl will begin, after the calm of the preceding scene. Throughout the play we see Romeo trust in Friar Laurence and he plays a massive part in this play. I realise that he is trying to help save the couple and reunite them but the flaws in his plan are innumerable! Friar Laurence is often seen as a character that tragically meddles with events that he cannot control. Furthermore, he is not only a confidant to the misguided youth but Friar Laurence has a duty to maintain towards all the people of Verona. He is their priest and their role model. But underneath his ceremonial garments he is a man, someone with opinions, desires and fears. I believe that this is what William Shakespeare tried to convey to the audience when he wrote ‘Romeo and Juliet’, that a priest who has strong and important hold over the community will have to fight to prevent a conflict of interests. In the city of Verona there is a political feud between the two families, the Montagues, Romeo’s family and the Capulets, Juliet’s family. This becomes very important later in the play as it drives the Friar to the extremes that he does. As the audience we have to presume that the Friar would not like to see anger and hatred in his community and he may have seen his position in the church as a way to stop what was happening. The Friar’s involvement hurts Romeo and Juliet because Romeo doesn’t receive the Friar’s letter and thinks Juliet is dead, making Romeo commit suicide then Juliet does this too. The Friar then leaves Lord Capulet without a daughter and Lord Montague without a son adding to his sorrow as Lady Montague died of a broken heart at the news that her son was banished. I think the Elizabethan audience would view the Friar’s actions as love of friendship with Romeo by wedding them and also love of God and the church. I speculate this because Juliet tries to kil l herself and he prevents it by this plan. Also he is very good friends with Romeo and he wouldn’t purposely wound his heart. The nurse hurts Juliet when Juliet is being forced to marry Paris and she looks to the nurse for confidentiality but doesn’t receive it when the nurse states: â€Å"I think it best to marry with Paris as your second marriage excels your first†. She betrays Juliet by turning her back on her when she needed help. Nonetheless, Juliet leads me to believe that she hurts the nurse then by not telling her of the plan to fake her death, resulting in the nurse feeling much pain thinking Juliet is dead. The Elizabethan audience must contemplate that the nurse should just do her job and not get so involved and perhaps agree with Lord Capulet’s view of the situation. Romeo and Juliet hurt their parents by marrying, as they are household enemies and by proving so negligent there is a loss of love of their family honour. However, their parents h urt those by making Romeo banished to Mantua and forcing Juliet to marry Paris. The Elizabethan audience may expect the young lovers to handle their relationship with a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, vulnerable approach however they should maintain the customs of the day. Therefore respecting their family’s honour. The County Paris’s involvement hurts Juliet since Juliet is in such deep love with Romeo. The day before her wedding to Paris, she threatens to kill herself with a dagger whilst in the company of Friar Laurence. â€Å"Do thou but call my resolution wise, And with this knife I’ll help it presently†. Prior to this outburst Juliet’s father gets immensely angry with her and hit her when she refused to marry Paris. Elizabethans watching this should be very familiar with this form of love: Courtly love as it was common back then. Arranged marriages were accepted also as families tried to marry into wealth etc. Some may be able to relate to Juliet at that m oment in time, whilst others think she’s a fool to resist him and be ungrateful to her family. As Capulet threatens his daughter another Shakespearean father is recalled, that being King Lear. Both men exhibit the dictatorial role of a father at this time, where their anger is led by what society may perceive them as if they cannot control their daughters. Romeo and Juliet were extremely unlucky with fate. Fate tore them apart then reunited them at the end. They have always been known as the â€Å"Star-cross’d lovers†. The couple forever use poetic language like when they share Shakespearean sonnets and iambic pentameter, which proves to a watching audience the purity and depth of their love. I feel Romeo is partly to blame after murdering Tybalt as this caused him to be banished and Juliet to drink the poison, concluding in his own death. Suicidal actions are said to result in the person getting sent to hell after, as â€Å"Taking their own life† in Chri stianity, is morally wrong. The audience watching would not agree with their behaviour. They were doomed from the beginning. This play constantly relates to the Elizabethan way of life. When The Elizabethan audience see this I think that they would have blamed it all on Romeo and Juliet as they agreed with the way their parents treated them and would have agreed with the way the Capulet and Montague families treated their children. Especially the way Lord Capulet treated his daughter when she refused to marry Paris. The play fits in perfectly with the Elizabethan way of life and their attitude towards their family and parent-child relationships. I think that the Elizabethan audience would have agreed with Lord Capulet threatening his daughter seen as though she had disobeyed him. The Elizabethan’s may share the same view as me and feel that it was fate that tied them together and they died together out of pure love for one another, and that it may be the moral message at the ending of the play. In conclusion to my essay I can say that Friar Laurence was one individual to blame due to all his meddling and also Tybalt for killing Mercutio meaning Romeo getting banished from Verona for vengeance. It all boils down to the fact that the two houses have too much love of family honour but they all reconcile at the end when Lord Capulet offers his hand to Lord Montague: We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"You always hurt the ones you love† Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Myth and creation

Myth and creation Introduction This paper presents theories of myths and its application to creation myths. It is important to understand that mythology is among the oldest area of study ventured into by enthusiastic scholars. Through time, man has been searching for answers to how the world and its content or rather mankind was created. This longing to explore on the nature of creation through vivid accounts or tales, prompted the materialization of way of life and custom which in the long run led to formation of religions and subsequent change in approach to life. Myths Scott (2004) mentioned that ‘myth’ which is an English word was derived from Greek word ‘Mythos’. In his study, Scott (2004) stated that the Greek word meant ‘divinely inspired’. However the word ‘myth’ has been a subject for debate by many philosophers and theologians. Plato in 300BCE compared the term myth with deceit while Hesoid, 700BCE, explained the term myth as having emanate d from the divine. Stakeholders in early Catholic Church weighed the ‘sham’ gods of the Greek against Jesus. This comparison entailed use of euhemerism. The subsequent effect was emergence of new tales in a bid to illustrate the dominance of Christian theologies over the Greeks’ unbelievable anecdote. These early perception of myths may have contributed to the present definition of the society with reference to culture. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Myth and creation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An example is African maasai whose culture is defined by the practice of pastoral farming. Human psychology, language, environment and historical factors are some of the specifics used to explore myths. Scott (2004) agrees that the context i.e. the tale and its impact on the general public, is critical in understanding the actual meaning of a myth. Theories of myth In a nutshell, the following theo ries are relevant in a quest to understand myths. These were pointed out in a study by Scott (2004) and include, ‘rational, functional, structural, and psychological myth theory’. While rational theory focused on myths as an agent meant to clarify events and forces, functional theory simply explained the role of myths in controlling the society. Psychological theory is specific on myths as having its roots in human feelings. Rational theory As introduced earlier, rational theory explicates that myths were meant to instill in people an understanding of natural events and forces taking place on a daily basis. In this case, the daily experiences (like rain, winds, and nature in general) are better explained by myths. The theory emphasizes that gods and goddesses play a significant role in manipulating natural world. A myth on creation, which expounds on how man came into being falls under rational theory. Creation myth further specifies the components and procedures empl oyed by gods and goddesses in creating man and the world at large. Although the nature of man is seen to take a natural path, myth on creation is specific on the role played by gods in bringing man to existence. The bible is one of the guides exploring on the nature of man. Functional theory This theory states the responsibility of myths in disseminating knowledge on morals and societal norms. As a result, a myth shapes the society by elaborating on a recommended course of action i.e. the difference between right and wrong. According to the theory any misdeed has its consequences. Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To control and ensure that the society was stable, myths were captured. An example of a functional myth is a tale of the Good Samaritan featured in the bible. This tale educates the young generation on the definition of a good neighbor and its benefits. This has the end result of building a regular society. From this example, functional theory considers the wider view of the world and the description of good character in a society. Structural theory The theory lays emphasis on the role of myths in bringing together conflicting sides. In a study by Scott (2004), a myth arbitrates disagreeing essentials of a society and general life. Disagreements exist because of dual pattern in life. A bad thing can be deduced because of the ability to point out a good one. In other words, there exist two sides of a coin; love and hate, right and wrong etc. Structuralism therefore settles down these disparities by way of making numerous references while putting together varied view points to settle on a widely accepted norm. The nature of man and their minds plays a role in forming such acceptable patterns in a society consequently resolving inconsistencies. Creation myths to explain the theories This myth describes the viewpoint of a culture on h ow their nature came into being. The myth captures the use of imagery in expressing the position held by man. Media used in delivery of the content is oral. African maasai perceives the creator of mankind to be Enkai who gave their father a stick. This is evident in the present culture where maasai herds domestic animals. The myth has some truth in it having exploited the rational theory. In India, Buddha maintains that man should not question the origin of life since it can cause madness but focus on gaining enlightenment which will save man from suffering. The basis of the argument is on the parable of the poison arrow. From this teaching, man should not question the origin of life but concentrate on shaping life. Conclusion Structuralism, functionalism and rationalism theories are pertinent as man continuously search for insight into environment and human interaction. Rational theory explains the reasons behind the natural events like rain and drought. On the other hand structur alism expounds on the role of myths in settling contentious issues by forming agreeable patterns. Finally, functional theory points out the role of myths in maintenance of peace and order by recommending good morals and norms. Reference Scott, L., McClure, M. (2004). Myth knowing: An introduction to world mythology. New York: McGraw Hill.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Myth and creation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Rowlandson's self-presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rowlandson's self-presentation - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to examine Rowlandson’s narrative, discussing her self-description throughout the captivity ordeal. According to Rowlandson ,2 prior to her capture, she lived in prosperity with all the comforts of the world, including wealth and family. She also disregarded others around her, dismissing their suffering, poverty and losses. As a consequence, Rowlandson believed that God was punishing her by taking away all her comforts in order to ensure that she became aware of all that God had given her. Rowlandson’s description of her plight under captivity typifies the Puritan culture and the purpose of religion and gender in the Puritan society. 3In accordance with Puritan beliefs, Rowlandson repeatedly quotes Bible verses so as to affirm her descriptions of the world of contrast, consisting of good and evil and light and darkness. Rowlandson’s utilization of scripture demonstrates how she drew strength from the Bible in her time of weakness, typ ifying Puritan beliefs in the providence and grace of God and how they shape all worldly events. For instance, when she was unaware of her children’s whereabouts, she opted to cast her burden to God in order to receive sustenance. Essentially, this narrative demonstrates the inherent differences between the cultures of colonists and natives. This account is valuable since it provides a female perspective in a field that is largely dominated by males. Rowlandson’s account of her eleven weeks in captivity provides a succinct description of the way non-Puritan individuals faced incredible devastations. Through Rowlandson’s experiences, it becomes clear how Americans considered other societies, including colonists with extreme disdain. Rowlandson shows how Indians captured Puritans such as herself in order to use them primarily for their skills. Indian natives required Rowlandson to knit clothes for them, allowing her to keep living since they deemed her skills to b e beneficial to them. Rowlandson’s narrative is remarkable since it provided a way through which a Puritan woman could have an individual voice within the Puritan society. Rowlandson’s narrative was one of the best books of its time since it offered a long-lasting impact on the history of women within the colonial society.4 Throughout her narrative, Rowlandson grants a voice to Puritan women who were initially silenced by male dominance in a society that deemed women more as property possessed by men, than individuals capable of maintaining their individuality and self-awareness. In her narrative, Rowlandson details her struggles not only as an individual living in the Puritan society, but as a woman whose individuality was stripped by the Puritan society’s excessive focus on men. The vast majority of narratives written regarding Indian captivity were composed by women since they served as interesting subjects compared to their male counterparts. 5Rowlandsonâ₠¬â„¢s narrative is significant owing to the time in which it was composed; the account chronicles the early relations between Indians and Europeans. Rowlandson’s narrative shows how she attempted to affirm her sense of identity as a Puritan woman. In the Puritan society, women and men were deemed equal on the spiritual front but were considered inferior to men on the social scene. This is evidenced by women’s inability to vote or play a vital role in the public arena, akin to slaves and children. Through the account of her struggles in captivity,